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Heritage for Rehab and Development

• Vision
• Mission
• Great Earthquake 2005
• Community Regeneration Through Heritage

Vision

To promote heritage and culture as a basis for income generation and development among Earthquake affected communities

Mission

In earthquake area, rebuilding confidence, pride and ownership of the communities by restoring and rejuvenating heritage assets and intangible heritage, along with capacity building and enhancement of economic opportunities.

        
              Map of area affected by the Great Earthquake 2005. Courtesy DFID.                      

Great Earthquake 2005

When the earthquake hit Northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005, it devastated whole communities in the North West Frontier province and Azad Kashmir. The 7.6 Richter Scale earthquake brought enormous havoc and misery to 400,000 families when 80,000 people lost their lives. 90% of the affected population lived in rural areas, in difficult-to-access mountainous environment.

Pakistan had never seen such extensive devastation and was hardly prepared to handle such a disaster. The nation witnessed an unprecedented surge of sympathy for the affected communities when people from all over the country and indeed across the world rushed to provide sustenance and assistance.

The first months were extremely difficult, not least because of the approaching winter. In the early days doctors were providing succor to the injured, and other aid workers provided emergency needs of tent shelters, food and water, it was difficult to find a role for organizations such as Heritage Foundation.

But as we pondered how to provide assistance, it was clear that as a heritage organization and with preservation and conservation expertise, we had to be there to help people build improved shelters using their age-old construction techniques and materials. Thus, it was that the Karavan Programme for Indigenous Technology was devised in October 2005. It resulted in the construction of guided self-built KaravanGhar in over 75 villages of the Siran Valley in District Mansehra during the emergency phase. From April 2006 the work of rehabilitation has been taken up us.

          
                                                      Massive destruction as a result of Earthquake 2005..    

Community Regeneration Through Heritage

As we began our work during the early days of the earthquake, we were aware that a great danger to the terraced mountainous environment was being posed due to the zealousness of aid entities operating in the area. Each one was keen to begin its reconstruction activities, but perhaps insufficient consideration for local cultural norms and traditions. We were apprehensive of the vast danger through the imposition of, what could be considered culturally inappropriate interventions, which were likely to further destroy the cultural cohesiveness among the post-disaster vulnerable population. Of course, it is possible that in the long term the communities would be persuaded to accept new and alien solutions but which are likely to result in loss of their own cultural traditions. Two years after the earthquake we can see that most of the buildings that are being built appear to be alien to the environment, and are likely to negatively impact the cultural landscape in the area.

There was a danger, even in the early days and was so expressed by us that the authorities’ promise to provide new, modern structures to replace the traditional habitat was sending negative signals – as if what had been practiced for centuries by people themselves was unworthy. What was really required was to rebuild confidence among the people in their own traditions and culture by restoring pride in vernacular construction, in the importance to continue using traditional techniques and materials, with built-in safety factors that will result in safer buildings.

       
      Yasmeen Lari in discussion with Karavan volunteers. Camp in Nawazabad, NWFP, Nov. 2005.

         
      Karavan volunteers in discussion with community (left) and in the camp, Nawazabad (right).

The policies during emergency and recovery period have relied heavily on providing daily dole to once, extremely proud people. The degradation of communities through their transformation from independent people to supplicants could be witnessed throughout the last few months, as day after day, they stood in lines to receive one small satchel, a blanket or a bag of wheat. The communities were trapped in a cycle of dependency, and became susceptible to replacement of their own cultural traditions, accepting a new, alien way of life. Among the most challenging tasks has been to once again make them into productive citizens by lifting them from their apathetic state, at the same time restoring pride in their own capabilities and traditions.

From the beginning our attempt was to restore pride of the communities through protection of heritage assets as well as traditional ways of doing, and skills and techniques practiced by the local community. Above all, we had been propagating steps to utilize cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible heritage, to re-knit the social cohesion and revitalize the cultural identity of the affected communities.

The vulnerable aspects include natural, tangible and intangible heritage. Based on the Catalogue of Heritage Assets of the Siran Valley developed during early 2006, it is essential to carry out further research and documentation of heritage for devising long term strategies for protection, promotion and economic returns for the benefit of the populace.

Earthquake Area Rehab

Publications/Craft Products

• Publications
• Craft Products

Publications

Heritage Foundation has several publications related to heritage and history of Pakistan. They all consist of original source material that is based on research and documentation carried out by the Foundation.

Please click a publication name on the right for details.

See a complete list of all publications

Craft Products - www.HeritagePakistan.org

Since Heritage Foundation is keen to revitalize Pakistan’s crafts, and has carried out a great deal of work in the earthquake affected communities in Northern Pakistan, craft products range from bead products, to stone carving and pottery. These products are being made available for sale in order to help the communities to overcome their adversity through marketing of these beautiful handcrafted items.

All hand craft products carry the stamp of HeritagePakistan as Certificate of Authenticity.

Shop

Introduction

Since 2005 Heritage Foundation has undertaken several development projects in the villages of Kodar and Jabbar where the communities are extremely marginalized.

There are several ways to be involved in the work that is being carried out by Heritage Foundation and KaravanPakistan. Through several past years we have received enormous help from volunteers, which helped us to achieve our goals in a much more meaningful manner. The spirit of volunteerism fosters a culture of caring and sharing, which is at the heart of KaravanPakistan activities.

• Volunteers
• Summer Camps
• Fund Raising
• Sale of Craft Items

In order to continue with the momentum of work, it is imperative that more volunteers and resources are directed for the development of the area.

The section Help Received lists the projects completed along with the name of donors and sponsors through whose generosity various activities have been undertaken.

Get Involved

KaravanPakistan Institute for Research and Training (KIRAT)

• Organizational Structure of KIRAT
• Original Concept
• Research & Implementation
• Concept Paper

KIRAT has optimized its organizational structure to serve its mandate:

A Training Department will regroup the bulk of KIRAT’s operational activities. It is organized around four thematic units based on the rationalization of its programmes: Cultural and Vernacular Heritage, Development, Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation, Conservation & Sustainability. Seminars, workshops and conferences will provide a forum for capacity development of volunteers, workshop participants, and scholars.

A Research Department has been put in place to streamline KIRAT’s research activities for maximization of indigenous resources for the benefit of marginalized communities and dissemination of research related information and theses in the form of articles, learned papers and publications. Library, Depository and Archives will preserve, promote and regenerate tangible, intangible and vernacular heritage, pride and community identity, resources relating to conservation of the habitat, ecological harmony and biodiversity, and flora and fauna; and form the basis for devising innovative strategies to initiate change for sustainable cultural, social, economic and scientific development.

KIRAT ’s affiliation with national universities will endeavour to sponsor fellowships, internships and other mutually beneficial associations to meet future challenges. New orientation for partnership with non-governmental sources, international agencies and institutions will be formulated. KIRAT will identify FRIENDS who can act as visiting (voluntary) training and research Aides/Directors, preferably with an academic background and of independent means, involved in research projects relating to KIRAT’s objectives. 

A 7-member Board of Advisors is composed of a diverse body drawn from academia, corporate sector, the UN system experts.

Members of the Board will provide vision and oversight.

Chair of the Heritage Foundation will chair the Board, and coordinate the Consultants and administrative and management functions of KIRAT.

Honorary Consultants and Friends of KIRAT – prestigious consultants (salaried and honorary consultants) will oversee project directors and support KIRAT’s strategic priorities of training and development

Original Concept

The Heritage Foundation is proposing to set up a research and development institute in District Mansehra, NWFP to maximize the social, cultural and economic potential of the earthquake area in order to make up the existing social and economic deficit for achieving national MDG goals. The platform will facilitate universities, CSOs, public and private sector organizations and corporate sector to carry out experimentation and research towards these objectives. Research activities have already been initiated. The first publication on the Heritage Assets of the Siran Valley has been published in May 2008. A piece of land consisting of six acres situated off the Karakoram Highway with good road linkage to various cities, along with a building has been acquired where the base camp has been set up. The following infrastructure as part of a residential campus has been organized:
    - A 4-room house with bathrooms for interns and volunteers
    - A furnished conference room with projection facilities
    - An office space with computers, printer and connectivity
    - Tent accommodation with attached bathrooms (to accommodate 16 persons)
    - Double- and single-Scholars' residences (under construction) for long term stay
    - Staff accommodation
    - Space for car parking etc.
    - Space for workshop for experimentation: local materials and techniques, alternative energy.    
    - Terraced land for agricultural experiments

The formation of the institute is at an early stage and further work on its structure, sustainability and linkages with universities is being carried out.

Research and Implementation Platform

The institute will provide a research platform and facilitation for the following:

Cataloguing baseline information regarding various aspects – from heritage assets to traditional lifestyles, local construction materials and vernacular structures, environmental factors, forestry and agriculture, flora and fauna, renewable energy sources etc.

Evaluating interventions in the area – both hard and soft components – and their impact on local resources, traditional habitat and lifestyles, societal transformation, global warming and sustainability issues.

Establishing a resource base and a depository of information on work being carried out by various organizations, and creating a platform for information sharing and promotion of ‘best practices’.

Developing innovative solutions and guidelines to minimize hot house gases, assure environmental sustainability, employ energy saving methodologies and maximize renewable energy sources, promote improved traditional and vernacular methodologies, and provide inputs for achieving greater social gains and empowerment of communities etc.

Concept Paper

Introduction
The Heritage Foundation has been engaged in the work in the disaster area since November 2006 and has developed an understanding of the materials and communities, along with their needs. The work of HF in its programme area has focused on the following:
• maximization of local workforce, local materials, local resources, tangible and intangible heritage for livelihoods
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction through focus on heritage and traditions
• Use of local materials and improved vernacular technologies for improved seismic performance of buildings.
• Working with women and communities for empowerment through livelihoods based on local resources, skills, crafts and traditions.
• Social infrastructure through building schools and health facility; improved health of women and children through building bathrooms and discipline of washing hands at home and schools.
• Physical infrastructure through building of mountain pathways and better accessibility
• Livelihoods through focus on crafts – building kitchens for marketing of value added agriculture produce e.g. makai ki roti, bead craft etc.
• Heritage cataloguing and heritage safeguarding for community based tourism
• Recording various aspects and learning from local experiences and traditional ways of doing

Among the objectives of HF is to create a depository of information for use by other agencies involved in carrying out similar works, as well as analysis of the impact of various interventions in the area.

Purpose
During the last 30 months there has been unprecedented investment and development in the EQ affected areas. A large number of I/N NGOs, along with ERRA, PERRA and SERRA have carried out enormous amount of work in various fields for the betterment of the area. The large-scale interventions in pursuance of government policies have been undertaken throughout this period, but a methodology for feedback and assessment of impact of such interventions is still to be put in place.

There is now a need to develop as much as possible, base line information regarding the various communities as well as impact of interventions, both negative and positive. This is essential in order to build upon successful interventions and modify others.
For this purpose a depository of best practices needs to be developed through culling information from me /N NGOs. Additionally, due to the limited life of ERRA, much of the information may either be lost on its demise, or the best practices and lessons needed to be learnt may be lost in the mass of information that is being generated. A systematic analytical approach to identify information and strategies which are needed for future development of the area is yet to be developed. The proposed institute will form a depository for the purposes of information collection and analysis.

The enormous potential of the EQ AA will remain untapped, unless further research on its various aspects and possibilities is carried out. This is a vast area of research touching almost every aspect of life. As in the case of other parts of the country, the meeting of MDG goals needs to also be pursued effectively in the area. Further research will identify areas of deficit, and methodologies for dealing with it.

Accordingly, studies spanning from anthropology sociology, cultural heritage, agricultural produce, flora and fauna, hiking and tourism, vernacular construction methods, local materials, reforestation issues and score of others will be the topics of study with the aim to propagate those aspects which will bring about a societal change in the area.

Because of issues of non-accessibility, difficult terrain and weather, lack of accommodation and community access, the areas have been largely ignored or neglected. The establishment of a base camp close to the area of operation i.e. in difficult valleys above 5,000 feet has allowed the possibility of opening up the area. The base camp established by HF is in a secure place with provision of accommodation, camp arrangement, meals and security. The possibility of travel into the area because of community outreach established by HF along with potential for reaching even remote areas would provide the basis for undertaking research activities.

The topics related to the area include the following. The various topics of research need to be identified which will maximize the areas’ attractions and potential for community development: The following is an initial list of topics:
• Anthropology
• History
• Cultural heritage
• Flora and fauna
• Crafts
• Vernacular heritage and architecture
• Local and improved construction techniques and materials
• Heritage safeguarding methodologies
• Disaster mitigation and disaster management
• Seismic related studies
• MDG status and methodologies for meeting MDGs
• Archives of Best Practices developed by ERRA, I/N NGOs
• Botanical aspects, flora and fauna
• Value added agricultural produce
• Water harvesting, environmental conservation
• Alternative energy sources, water, solar, biogas
• Tourism related: natural, tangible and intangible heritage, community attractions etc.
• Application of technology for improved literacy, health status of the area.
• Involvement of corporate sector for improved delivery of agricultural produce, value added products based on agriculture etc.

Methodology and Timelines
The Research Institute will be established under Heritage Foundation and will have its own Board of Advisors of eminent persons drawn from the world of Academia, civil service organizations, public organizations and corporate sector.

The Institute is being planned to have a core administrative and research facility. It will create the platform which will encourage research through interaction and arrangement with various universities, and will allow students and scholars from various universities as well as corporate sector to focus on maximizing the potential of the area. The core facility is being established in Chattar (near Battal) NWFP, where a residential campus has been created by HF. The work on documentation of heritage is being planned through cooperation with ERRA, which will help in identifying heritage at risk and modalities for its conservation.

Discussions with various universities for signing MOUs are in progress. Some small scale programmes are being initiated though students summer camps to be held from July onwards. Long term research will be undertaken from January 2009

Further research will also be undertaken on renewable energy sources i.e. sun and wind to facilitate livelihood programmes and improved quality of life.

                                     
                             Tent accommodation in the pine forest, Base Camp, Karavanabad.

KIRAT

KAPIT

Introduction

The Karavan Programme for Indigenous Technology or KAPIT was devised immediately after the Great Earthquake 2005 that devastated large parts of Northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005.

KAPIT was initiated in mid-October 2005 for earthquake-stricken communities to build permanent shelters and the work was continued through the winter months of 2005-2006.

KAPIT envisioned the following:

Providing an architectural design solution that uses local materials and technology that can be built by communities themselves and incorporates earthquake-resistant measures; technical drawing sets and illustrations of the design have been distributed for free in a building manual and poster format

Involving volunteers who are building trade professionals (architects, engineers, construction managers, and advanced students) to guide the construction process on site; students and faculty from local universities (Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology Abbottabad, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, and University of Karachi) as well as international academies (American University at Sharjah, Glasgow University, U.K.) and individual architects and architectural students from Iran, Australia, Ireland and USA have been among the volunteers

Arranging for the provision of building materials and tools that are not available locally (lime, GI flyproofing mesh, chicken wire, GI roofing sheets, spades, axes, hand-trollies etc).

KAPIT also initiated research efforts to document local/traditional and international building practices in relation to earthquake-resistance.

                
              KaravanGhar poster.                                    Map of the Siran Valley.

KaravanGhar

The KaravanGhar programme was carried out from November 2005 to March 2006 as part of Emergency Phase Housing.

The work was organized through teams of volunteers to guide construction of self-built improved vernacular houses, popularly known as the KaravanGhar. Architects and student volunteers hailed from the American University at Sharjah (AUS), Glasgow School of Architecture in UK, LSU and Colombia University in USA, Iran Ireland and Australia internationally, and from Karachi U, UET Abbottabad, Hyderabad & NCA Lahore, nationally. The KaravanGhar was built by salvaging stone and wood from the debris while lime, steel mesh and g.i. sheets were provided through the generosity of individual and corporate donors and UNDP. The programme was carried out in 75 remote and dispersed villages of the Siran Valley, Mansehra, NWFP, completing almost 1200 units by March 2006, including 100 units sponsored by NOKIA. The KaravanGhar methodology was utilized by the Japanese NGO NICCO, who built another 300 units in Chikar, Azad Kashmir.    

                      
                     Early KaravanGhar built between November 2005 and January 2006 by families.

Philosophical Basis of KaravanGhar

• Correspond to lifestyles, cultural norms and traditions of the      community
• Avoid imposition of culturally inappropriate interventions
• Avoid use of alien forms which negatively impact topographic environment
• Restore pride in vernacular construction techniques
• Maximize use of volunteers in rebuilding lives
• Utilise building activity for community regeneration

Salient Features of KaravanGhar

• Construction with salvaged materials
• Stable masonry foundations
• Improved stone masonry with bond stones
• Stabilized lime/mud/sand mortar
• Fly proof mesh for corner strengthening and wooden bracing at cill, lintol, roof levels
• Wooden posts for foundation-wall-roof connectivity
• Mud/sand plaster on chicken wire mesh

Buildings

A prototype school building was designed in order to utilize local labour and materials. The structural design was developed by M/s Amin Tariq & Associates, who had also worked on the structure of the KaravanGhar. Being an institutional building certain additional safeguards were built into the structural design. Since insufficient experimentation has been carried out to test the performance of traditional construction techniques, it was considered prudent to add R.C.C. beams at plinth and roof level, strengthen the corners with steel angles and ensure that the whole structure was tied together by using steel plates and angles at all wood junctions.

                 
 Early sketch done by Sameeta. 

 
                                 Sectional drawing rendered by Zulfi.                                        

The salient features of the building for seismic resistance are as follows”
a. Maximum use of local materials. Mostly stone is used; though brick has also been used in a couple of buildings to accelerate progress
b. Stone masonry in walls laid with bondstones in stabilized lime/sand mortar
c. Use of g.i. fly proof mesh and vertical steel angles to strengthen corners
d. Use of wooden bracing (in the form of ladder) at cill and lintol level
e. Use of wooden posts and steel vertical angles for foundation-wall-roof connectivity
f. Use of wooden trusses and light galvanized iron sheet roofing
g. M.s. angles and plates to tie all joints of trusses, posts and trusses, posts and battens etc.
h. Reinforced concrete beams at plinth and roof level 

       
                    Plan showing classroom layout, rendered by Zulfi.

All possible efforts have been to have the buildings well finished along with ease of maintenance. At the same time most of the structural elements have been exposed to portray the different elements and principles underlying an earthquake resistant structure, endowing it with structural integrity

Because of the importance of fulfilling seismic requirements, the steel plates and angles initially posed difficulties. Due to lack of skills and equipment and the remote nature of the sites, it took some time to organize this work. However, through an apprenticeship programme two young people have been trained in the use of grinders and welding equipment for cutting and welding various kinds of m.s. plates and angles. The use of reinforced concrete has also posed considerable difficulties in view of the carriage costs, erection of formwork and pouring without adequate equipment e.g. mechanical mixers and vibrators etc. Since the use of r.c.c. beams was a precondition by ERRA, it has been followed to provide additional safety factor; however, further research needs to be done in order to minimize the use of reinforced concrete.

The stone masonry and woodwork was carried out by local labour, however, specialized help was brought to the sites for concrete and steel work. The introduction of r.c.c. beams and steel corner angles added to the cost considerably. In the process training of the local skilled and unskilled labour was also carried out.

Since the staff is now familiar with the construction principles required for the structure, the same basic structure is being utilized for construction of the Heritage Museum, Basic Health Unit as well as community/research centre.

Earthquake Area Rehab - KAPIT